Grammar

31
Jul
2021

Sentence and types of sentences:

What is a sentence?

Agroup of words that are formed together to give a meaning is called a sentence.

Types of sentences:

  1. Declarative sentence.
  2. Imperative sentence.
  3. Interrogative sentence.
  4. Exclamatory sentence.

1. Declarative sentence:

A declarative sentence expresses an opinion or makes a statement.
Example:

  1. “I want to be a good singer.”
    This is a statement.
  2. “My friend is a really good teacher.”
    This is an opinion.

Imperative sentence:

An imperative sentence is a sentence that gives command or makes a request.
These kind of sentences sometimes end with an exclamation point.
Example:

  1. “Please stand up.”
    This is a request.
  2. “I need you to sit down now!”
    This is a command.

Interrogative sentence:

An interrogative sentence often begins with questions like who, what, where, when, why, how, or do, and it ends with a question mark.
Example:

  1. “When are you going to complete your homework?”
    This question starts with “When”.
  2. “What is the capital of Russia?”
    This question starts with “What”.

Exclamatory sentence:

An exclamatory sentence is a sentence expresses emotion like excitement, surprise, happiness and anger, and ends with an exclamation point.
Example:

  1. “It is dangerous to climb mountains!
  2. It was a fentastic trip!
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30
Jul
2021

Definite Articles:

Use of “The”:

The is known as Definite Article.
It is used before singular and plural nouns.
It is used to refer to a particular member in the group.
Example:

  1. The girl with the yellow shawl ran very fast.
    There are many girls but we are talking about a particular girl with the yellow shawl.
  2. The black cat came inside the kitchen.
    There are many cats but we are talking about the black cat in particular.

Note:

“The” can be omitted when we are using uncountable nouns. “a”/”an” are used only in case of countable nouns.
Example:
I like to sail over water.

Do use the before:

Names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Pacific, Atlantic.
Points on the globe: the Equator.
Geographical areas: the West.
Deserts: the Sahara.

Do not use the before:

Names of countries: Mexico.
Names of lakes: Lake Superior .
Names of mountains: Mount Everest.

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29
Jul
2021

Indefinite Articles:

“a” and “an” are called “indefinite articles”.

Uses of “A” and “AN”:

They are used to talk about things in general.
For example:

  1. I saw “a dog” in the street.
    “a” dog refers to any dog.
  2. I saw “an” Elephant in the zoo”.
    “an elephant” refers to any elephant in the zoo.

“a” is used:

  1. Before singlular nouns if it is a “consonant”-a book, a car, a dog, a zoo, a rat.
  2. Before singular nouns beginning with consonant sound-University, Uniform, User.
    Note: Though “U” is a vowel, sometimes, it has a consonant sound.
  3. Before nouns starting with a pronounced “h” sound-horse, high.

An is used: <./h2> Before singular noun starting with a “vowel”. Before singular nouns starting with silent “H”.-hour, honest.
Note: Though “h” is a consonant, “an” is used when “h” is silent. Note:
In some words where “H” is pronounced, such as “Historical”, “an” is used.

Membership of a group:

The indefinite articles are used to indicate membership of a group:
Example:
I am a teacher.
He is an Irish.

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25
Jul
2021

Vowels and Consonants:

The letters in the English language are classified as Vowels and Consonants.
The letters “a”, “e”, “i”, “o” and “u” are called Vowels.

What is a Vowel?

“Vowel” is a speech sound produced by opening of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords without audible friction”.

Is Y a Vowel?

When “y” comes at the middle of the word like “symbol” or at the end of the word like “city”, it gives “i” sound”. So it is considered as a Vowel. Otherwise, When it comes at the starting of the word like “Yard”, “Yellow”, “yes”, it is a Consonant.

Long Vowel:

The long Vowel sounds like the letter itself. For example, the long “A” sounds like the letter “A”. The letter “E” sounds like “E”.

There are 2 ways to make a long vowel.

1. Placing “E” at the end of the word:

The first way is to place “e” at the end of the word.
For example:
Mike, make, bake.

2. placing 2 vowels next to each other:

When you place 2 vowels next to each other, it gives the sound of the first vowel:
For example:
Team, Please, meat.

What is a short Vowel:

When a vowel is not making the sound of the own letter, it is called a short vowel.
For example:
“A” as in “apple”,
“e” as in “egg”

using long and short vowels together:

there are certain words in which “long ” and “short” Vowels can be used together.
For example:
Beyond, behind.

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